The new authoritarianism in the middle east and north africa. Our teams are looking into this as we speak and we hope to be able to resolve this issue as soon as possible. Working paper 055 explaining middle eastern authoritarianism. Roots, ramifications, and crisis noureddine jebnoun, mehrdad kia, mimi kirk while the arab uprisings have overturned the idea of arab exceptionalism, or the acceptance of authoritarianism, better analysis of authoritarianisms resilience in pre and postuprising scenarios is still needed.
Before and after the arab uprisings julide karakoc ed, palgrave macmillan, march 2015 why are some middle eastern countries resistant to democratization and what are the reasons for the instability of. It may suggest where a middle eastern democratization process might have started. Kuran, institutional roots of authoritarian rule in middle east. Authoritarianism in the middle east provides important insights into the ongoing instabilities of the middle east, and the authoritarianism and democratisation processes that have led to dramatic sociopolitical transformations. Over the last 40 years, many countries in the world have been democratized. Authoritarian regimes and their perpetuation in the middle. Institutional roots of authoritarian rule in the middle east.
This authoritarian system can be governed by a group of leaders or by one ruler. A general argument with reference to the arab world by mark a. The middle east changes shape geopolitical futures. Kuru skip to main content accessibility help we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Modern middle east authoritarianism routledge studies in. Theories of authoritarianism in the middle east and north africa. Roots, ramifications, and crisis is an exceptional addition to the existing body of scholarship on authoritarianism in the middle east, and in general. This article builds upon the authors previous article, the robustness of authoritarianism in the middle east, comparative politics, 36 january 2004. The middle east is going through one of these periods right now. This nonstate institution inhibited political participation, collective action, and rule of law, among other indicators of democratization. In the premodern middle east the closest thing to an autonomous private organization was the islamic waqf. Pdf the roots of authoritarianism in the middle east selin m. The roots of authoritarianism in the middle east egyptian. The arab spring created a great hope all around the world for the collapse of authoritarian regimes and the establishment of democratic governments in the middle.
Civic legacies of the islamic waqf in the legal system of the premodern middle east, the closest thing to an autonomous private organization was the islamic waqf. Exceptionalism in comparative perspective, comparative politics, 36 2, pp. Democracy and authoritarianism in the middle east deep blue. This is particularly striking given the fact that over the last three decades. Authoritarian regime can be defined as an organization that focuses political power to an authority that is not responsible for governing the people. Anatomy of authoritarianism in the arab republics by joseph. Authoritarian regimes and their perpetuation in the middle east. This nonstate institution inhibited political participation, collective.
The robustness of authoritarianism in the middle east. However, the character and consequences of economic reform, combined with the capacities of state parties, provided leaders in these four middle east and north africa mena countries with the resources to resist democratization and transform authoritarian rule. Before and after the arab uprisings julide karakoc eds. In the first half of his book, tugal spends much of his energy, very productively, convincing the reader about why the akps authoritarianism and its models flaws were overlooked by the global actors until 20. How confl icts within islam will shape the future, vali nasr has suggested that traditional concepts and categories used to explicate the middle east, such as modernity, democracy, fundamen. Karakoc, karakoc, julide, authoritarianism in the middle east before and after the arab uprisings. Up g r a d i n g au thoritarianism in t h e ar a b wo r l d. Why does authoritarianism tend to persist in the middle east. The project on middle east political science the project on middle east political science pomeps is a collaborative network that aims to increase the impact of political scientists specializing in the study of the middle east in the public sphere and in the academic community. Islam, authoritarianism, and underdevelopment by ahmet t. It started with saudi arabia, which led a sevennation group that cut diplomatic relations with qatar over qatars alleged support for terrorist groups and its willingness to work with iran. Furthermore, the arab states reinforce each other in their authoritarianism and repression. Here, we examine whether minorities differ in their support for authoritarianism from the majority groups in four middle eastern states.
Research on authoritarian resilience in the middle east has been largely silent on linguistic and religious minorities preferences over regime types. Middle east comparative international development authoritarian regime arab. A modern society is characterized by technological innovation, specialized forms of labor. Then, in 2014, the regions leaders were dealt another blow when the price of oil plummeted, threatening the basic model of governance on which their power rested. Many studies track the roots of middle eastern authoritarianism in. But except in tunisia, they ended in turmoil or deadly civil wars.
However, the middle east never really did democratize. Pdf the roots of authoritarianism in the middle east. He was a senior economist at the council of economic advisers in the executive office of the president of the united states and has held research or teaching. Authoritarianism and the revival of political racism. Democracy, authoritarianism and regime change in the arab world. Explaining middle eastern authoritarianism marcus noland marcus noland, senior fellow, has been associated with the institute since 1985. Events in the middle east warrant going back to that article because. This nonstate institution inhibited political participation, collective action, and rule.
Anatomy of authoritarianism in the arab republics by. Authoritarianism in the middle east evaluates and analyses ongoing instabilities and authoritarian tendencies in the middle east region before and after the arab uprisings. Middle east and north africa is not why democracy has failed to consolidate in this region failure would be expected but rather why the vast majority of middle eastern and north african states have failed to initiate transition at all. Cambridge core middle east studies anatomy of authoritarianism in the arab republics by joseph sassoon due to high volumes of traffic at this time we are experiencing some slowness on the site. Looking in depth at two states that have had significantly different outcomes from the uprisings tunisia and bahrain the article analyses the. Perhaps surprisingly, none of them has profoundly touched the middle east and north africa mena, which to date only host a very limited number of democratic. Civic legacies of the islamic waqf by timur kuran june 2014 abstract. For scholars of the middle east, this renewed interest in authoritarianism offered important opportunities to reconnect to broader comparative debates in the disciplines and, as we showed earlier in this chapter, to develop important insights into the political, economic, and. Jul, 2011 middle east centre public lecture democracy, authoritarianism and regime change in the arab world professor lisa anderson provost, american university in cairo london school of economics and political science wednesday july 2011 check against delivery. It accurately reflects the various dynamics that animate authoritarian governments in the region and offers an astute set of observations about the origins. The middle east remains the region with the highest concentration of authoritarian regimes.
Survey data has consistently revealed that among the regions of the world that are least democratic, the arab middle east has repeatedly topped the list. Middle east authoritarian regime barbra doziers blog. A modern society is characterized by technological innovation, specialized forms of labor, fullscale bureaucracies, universal education, mass political participation, an increase in state power and. There are a number of different theories of why it has been so hard for democracy to take root in the middle east, with various studies pointing to factors like poverty, lack of education, inequality, interference by colonial powers andor the cold war powers, or a lack of established civil society. Lasse leipziger international relations in the middle east 27112015 5.
Authoritarianism in the middle east before and after the arab. Western scholars expected the middle east to democratize as well. Authoritarianism and its adversaries in the arab world by jill crystal kevin dwyer. In his critically acclaimed book, th e shia revival. He argues that the flaws were there since the beginning but they were ignored. Accordingly, scholars have devoted significant attention to the issue, examining the methods of state control enabling authoritarian regime survival. Modern middle east authoritarianism roots, ramifications. Through a unique collection of essays drawn from rich case studies, authoritarianism in the middle east provides important insights into the ongoing instabilities of the middle east, and the authoritarianism and democratisation processes that have led to dramatic sociopolitical transformations. Authoritarian power and state formation in ba thist syria.
The authoritarian regimes of the middle east proved to be resilient to political. Roots, ramifications, and crisis undertakes this task by addressing not only the mechanisms that. The new authoritarianism in the middle east and north. Springborg 1990 politics in the middle east, 3rd edn. Download citation the roots of authoritarianism in the middle east over the last 40 years, many countries in the world have been democratized. Middle east centre public lecture democracy, authoritarianism and regime change in the arab world professor lisa anderson provost, american university in cairo london school of economics and political science wednesday july 2011 check against delivery for decadescertainly since the fall of the berlin wall, and for some among the older of. I believe they are all explaining the same phenomenon from a different angle or just measuri. Institutional roots of authoritarian rule in the middle. Political legacies of the waqf 11 december 20 3 identification of the waqfs political functions offers two further advantages. Theories of authoritarianism in the middle east and north. Cambridge core middle east government,politics and policy islam, authoritarianism, and underdevelopment by ahmet t. Does oil sustain authoritarianism in the middle east.
Up g r a d i n g au thoritarianism in t h e ar a b wo r l d st e v e n he y d e m a n n analysis paper number, october 2007 th e br o o k i n g s in s t i t u t i o n 1775 massach u set ts av e. With so many problems, it is difficult to know where to begin to address them and what roles outside actors, including the united states, should play. The isis crisis and the broken politics of the middle east. Eastern europe, africa, asia, and the middle east in the 1980s and 1990s. The roots of authoritarianism in the middle east researchgate. Authoritarianism and its adversaries in the arab world.
It seemed only logical to assume that the middle east would democratize as well. The roots of authoritarianism in the middle east the article is a chapter from. Democracy, authoritarianism and regime change in the arab. The array of challenges facing the middle eastterrorism and extremism. Reassessments in the netherlands of the reliability and validity of the concept of authoritarianism by adorno et al. Middle east and north africa is not why democracy has failed to consolidate in this region failure would be expected but rather why the vast majority of middle. Sustaining authoritarianism in the middle east and north. A recent example for this would be the saudisupported suppression of the revolts in bahrain. There are different taxonomies of cultures, each proposed by a different thinker, and not neccessarily these classifications should contradict each other. The salience of authoritarianism over theology nader hashemi abstract.
Accepting a single overgeneralized explanation of what is happening today in. Authoritarianism in the middle east before and after the. Legal roots of authoritarian rule in the middle east. The robustness of authoritarianism in the middle east exceptionalism in comparative perspective.
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